Marriage Equality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marriage Equality - Research Paper Example nterparts of a Christian Religion (The Seventh-Day Adventist and the Roman Catholic) in light of their conclusions and bits of knowledge about marriage balance that the LGBT individuals take as their significant concern. The religious perspectives on the two explicit religions of Christianity would be investigated. In this way, the examination could discover who among the strict gatherings have brought changes and choices for the marriage uniformity bringing along the notoriety of Christianism. It has been stressed in the congregation manual of the Seventh - day Adventist religion that the couples for marriage ought to be hetero accomplices (Seventh-Day Adventist, 2005). As per Cook (2012), the Seventh-Day Adventist is against same-sex marriage. This is additionally comparative with their perspectives that greater part of the individuals to lesbians, gays, promiscuous, and transgenders (LGBT) are for the most part seen as hostile to Christ or skeptic (Cook, 2012). Subsequently, it may be the case that this sort of recognition made the adventist church to absolutely obstruct the LGBT with their privileges to wed their equivalent sex accomplices. Also, the choked confidence of the Seventh-day Adventist church to their consecrated sacred writings made them to deny the cutting edge issue to concur the terms for marriage uniformity. The Seventh-day Adventists guarantee that individuals are the apples in the eye of God, a heavenly being with a ubiquitous soul (â€Å"Stances of Faiths on LGBT Issues†, 2012). Along these lines, each individual is fundamental to God wherein each individual would be offered with the new and soul of God that is considered as heavenly. Human bodys fragile living creature and soul must be loaded up with the holiness of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit breathes life into each being, and it is the obligation of a man to take great consideration of his body and soul for an everlasting life. A man and a lady must make an equitable deed of taking how his body must be blessed on the grounds that the Adventists or any living Christian accept that the body is a sanctuary of God. They likewise accept that a man and a lady is made in the

Forgetting to Remember :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Neglecting to Remember: The Source of your Symptoms? Envision approaching your day by day business when, for reasons unknown or another, you wind up drenched in an exceptional, upsetting flashback of an awful accident that you never realized you encountered? This strange situation is more ordinary than may be assumed and is opening up a wide range of legitimate and remedial debate. Constraint is one of the most unpleasant ideas in brain science. The method of reasoning is that some stunning event is pushed once again into a difficult to reach corner of the oblivious just to be recovered later by a most frustrated cognizance (1). Is the memory extremely genuine? On the off chance that it is, the reason was it lost in any case and what set off its arrival? Furthermore, how is it to be managed? Maybe a superior term for constraint is separation. Separation alludes to those discontinuities of the cerebrum, the disengagements of brain that we as a whole harbor without mindfulness (2). Separation lets us move to one side, split off from our own insight, conduct, feelings, and body sensations, our restraint, personality, and memory. This parting of psyche and pigeon holding of experience is a characteristic adjustment to the unpredictable requests of every day life. One showing of this wonder includes a knee injury understanding named Anastasia. Confronting crisis medical procedure with a poor guess, she picked a spinal sedative with no soothing, so she could remain conscious and watch the activity. She recalls the clinician regulating the spinal infusion, yet there's nothing more to it. Her next back to back memory of the experience was essentially awakening in the recuperation room, baffled that she had nodded off and missed the medical procedure. She was additionally confuse d when the specialist strolled in and expressed gratitude toward her for an incredible conversation. Anastasia in the end understood that she had carried on a specialized talk for about two hours, a discussion she, right up 'til today, has positively no memory of (2). A significantly progressively emotional delineation of separation (without, be that as it may, suppression) is portrayed in Donald Wyman's appalling experience. In the mid year of 1993, while working in a remote Pennsylvania zone clearing lumber, Wyman endured a horrendous mishap. A gigantic tree fell on him, sticking his left leg. He realized he would kick the bucket before anyone discovered him on the off chance that he didn't assume control over issues. So he made a tourniquet from a rawhide bootlace and utilized his cutting apparatus wrench to fix it. He at that point went about deliberately removing his left leg with his folding knife.

Evaluation of One of the Writings of Francis Bacon free essay sample

Examining perusing and how to appropriately do it, he says, â€Å"Read not to repudiate and refute, nor to accept and underestimate, nor to discover talk and talk, yet to weigh to consider. † Whenever perusing any sort of material, the words and information ought not simply be watched. Past information must be utilized to think about the perusing, consider what it is stating, and afterward one can choose how to manage the new information. Bacon obviously expresses that perusing, conferencing, and composing will make a superior, more shrewd man. Without one of these key perspectives, an individual will be unequal on the grounds that every one of the three are important to make a balanced psyche. His end sentence, which states, â€Å"So each imperfection of the brain may have an exceptional receipt,† is one to truly consider. Bacon’s point here is that everybody has shortcomings of the brain, and we should be continually fixing and attempting to enhance them. We will compose a custom exposition test on Assessment of One of the Writings of Francis Bacon or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This short, yet brief exposition of Bacon’s is a prime case of why he is known as the dad of the English article. Investigation The subject of Francis Bacon’s article â€Å"Of Studies† is to clarify the significance of information and its down to earth employments. His theory, which is his first sentence, states, â€Å"Studies serve for charm, for adornment, and for capacity. The accompanying sentences give subtleties on every one of these three thoughts, and clarify why studies fill for these three needs. The title â€Å"Of Studies† is short and directly to the point about what the paper will incorporate. Taking a gander at the title, it shows that this will be an instructive article giving exhortation and data about examinations. There are no opening or finishing up sections in this paper, or in any event, opening or closing sentences. Rather it quickly starts with the theory articulations and body passages. The tone of this article is formal and enligh tening, with no close to home encounters or stories included. He utilizes rationale to make a large number of his focuses, regularly utilizing equal sentence structure to make his thoughts more clear to the peruser. The crowd of this paper is any individual who is keen on the employments of information, or needs another perspective on to widen their perspective. The suggested end to this paper is that reviews have a section to our lives, yet we should figure out how to apply them appropriately. Assessment Reading this paper from a 21st Century perspective changes the assessment of Francis Bacon’s exposition. Thought of some time after 1597, the composing style and thoughts of that age are altogether different from our own today. By and by, Francis Bacon is as yet viewed as extraordinary compared to other exposition authors, time. This exposition, if reworked in current English, would be very simple to grasp. It is obviously more troublesome as a result of the difficult words and various methods of expressing things. Bacon does a great job of making his focuses understood, particularly through equal sentence structure. The greater part of his sentences are directly to the point; there are no additional expressions to acquire the reader’s consideration. The subject of â€Å"studies† is certainly not a factious one, and with Bacon’s incomparable utilization of rationale and clear articulations, it’s an extremely powerful paper. He doesn't leave a lot to be addressed. The article does, in any case, do not have some fascinating subtleties or eye-getting phrases. One will get oneself perusing a portion of the sentences a few times before their actual significance soaks in. Composed as one major long passage, it looks just as there isn't a lot of association to Bacon’s composing. When one starts to peruse, its unmistakable how Bacon travels through his themes sentence by sentence with great familiarity. There is no peak or last articulation; every announcement in this paper as significant as another.

Discuss the Means by Which Gastronomy

Standards of Gastronomy Topic: Discuss the methods by which gastronomy can be comprehended as a travel industry item. Presentation The rise of gastronomic the travel industry is seen when various the travel industry associations have fused gastronomy gastronomic components into the travel industry as a feature of an advertising technique, offering ascend to the gastronomic the travel industry. (Hjalager and Richards, 2000). In the lead position, the paper will clarify the particular ideas of gastronomy and the travel industry, following by depiction of gastronomic the travel industry regarding the typology recommended by Hjalager AM (2002).Typical instances of the travel industry items with gastronomy center range from food occasions, preparing class and workshops; food fairs including neighborhood items, visits to business sectors and makers, exhibition halls to gifts. In the later meeting there will be clarification on how gastronomy is comprehended as a travel industry item, by sa tisfying various inspirations of voyagers. The travel industry and voyagers inspiration In a straightforward setting, the travel industry alludes to voyaging and visiting new goals from their typical spot of residence.By definition, the travel industry item incorporates the all out visitor experience that live up to its desires, incorporating involvement in lodging, normal and social attractions, diversion, transportation, providing food. Voyagers look for voyaging experience that satisfies their inspirations. As indicated by Fields (2002) and McIntosh RW, Goeldner CR and Ritchie, J. R. (1995) , tourists’ inspiration for voyaging can be arranged into physical sparks, which incorporate rush chasing, escape from routine , tactile chasing, wellbeing concern.Also, there are social helpers, relational inspirations and status and distinction helpers. Gastronomy as a travel industry item The investigation of gastronomy was first embraced by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1994). The word gastronomy is gotten from Greek word gastros, which means stomach, and gnomos, information or law. As indicated by Kivela J and Crotts JC, gastronomy is comprehended as the investigation of the connection among food and culture. This incorporates the tasting, getting ready, encountering, testing and investigating, finding , understanding and in any event, expounding on food and wine .Embodying the possibility of specialty of living, gastronomy has become a basic component so as to become acquainted with the way of life and way of life of a region. Being viewed as another pattern in the travel industry, gastronomy can be comprehended as a travel industry item by the implies that it satisfy a few tourists’ qualities and desires: looking for information and thankfulness in food and refreshment, understanding the way of life and legacy of a spot, scanning for sound way of life, encountering credibility or getting a charge out of retreats from urban way of life, looking for e minence and status, and in conclusion seeking after sustainability.Moreover, dynamic advancements by advertisers add to the comprehension of gastronomy as a travel industry item. The accompanying meetings will clarify the ideas in subtleties. Gastronomy †upgrading information and energy about food and drink A proper eating involvement with remote nations is a case of gastronomy the travel industry item. Aside from the air and recreation experience delighted in, formal supper experience furnishes voyagers with the chance to learn neighborhood culture, for example, investigating social graces and addition information about nearby food.In specific, the distinctions being used of fixings and strategies for getting ready, cooking, and safeguarding food between nations can be considered as true or conventional culture (Fields 2002). Hence, showing true, and nearby societies is a way that gastronomy can be comprehended as a travel industry item. Cooking classes in celebrated culinary goals is another manner by which visitors can investigate further about the gastronomic world. Traveling and cooking classes is expanding in ubiquity since sightseers can figure out how to prepare astounding food rather than just tasting great food.Classic culinary goal remembers Burgundy and Loire Valley for France . Moreover, Biltmore Culinary Academy (2012) , at the Biltmore Hotel is a recreationalâ cooking School that has a committed learning zone and completely prepared proficient kitchen offering an assortment of classes, workshops, group building occasions. Extraordinary remote cooking procedures can be procured through the learning procedure. Such the travel industry experience is broad and carrying enduring advantages to voyagers. Getting society and legacy by gastronomic the travel industry item Fields 2002) called attention to that nearby food and refreshments can be incorporated among social sparks since when voyagers are encountering new neighborhood cooking styles, th ey are additionally encountering another culture. Tasting nearby food can be one of the approaches to comprehend and encounter neighborhood culture. Concurring Leigh (2000), there is a solid connection between kinds of food devoured and certain areas. Sorts of food devoured fluctuates among various areas . For instance . it is typical for French to eat frogs and snails, horse in their suppers; Arabs eat camel meat and drink camel milk while?Australian eat Kangaroo and Emu. Better places have exceptionally particular food societies. Such contrasts fill in as uniqueness of every area and give motivations to voyagers to travel away from home. Additionally, territorial gastronomic courses add to the comprehension of nearby culture and improve of agrarian information (Munster 1994). In Benelux, there are regular courses that reflect connects between farming cycles and nearby food creation, for example, asparagus highway, a mussel highway, a bounces course and a gin route.Seasonality of t hese courses corresponds with the fundamental traveler season to cook their requirements. As these courses feature explicit results of a specific area specifically season, gastronomy can be comprehended as the travel industry item by its pertinence to agrarian information. Gastronomy in scanning for sound way of life as a travel industry item Gastronomy can be comprehended as a travel industry item through the accentuation on wellbeing concerns (Richards G, 2002). Travelers from the created nations are progressively careful about their health.For model, some wellbeing ranches offer food items which impactsly affect wellbeing and state of being; The ‘Mediterranean Diet’ in Greece and Italy, or the ‘Atlantic Diet’ in Portugal additionally underlines the medical advantages of their food. Western sightseers who are troubled by corpulence or elevated cholesterol level are especially pulled in to visit. Gastronomy can along these lines be a travel industry item b y satisfying vacationers physical necessities of improving wellbeing conditions.Experiencing realness or getting a charge out of retreats from urban way of life In working homesteads, voyagers can get a touch with basic and unsophisticated worker food and refreshment that is set up with care and regard to convention. The real experience is especially treasurable for visitors who look for withdraws from travelers spots with unrestrained stylistic layout and administration. In a vineyard, travelers can take an interest in gathering of grapes and natural products. These experience empower travelers, who are basically city occupants to have a go at something new and improve their own experience.Gastronomy can be comprehended as a travel industry item by permitting city inhabitants to visit farmers’ advertise. Guests can acquire nation experience outside city and addition information outside school course books. For instance, intelligent ranch encounters offered in Collingwood Chi ldren’s Farm (2012) incorporate fun exercises, for example, bottle-taking care of sheep, draining the dairy animals. Prepared staff will show guests how to approach and handle livestock accurately. The Farmers’ advertise likewise achieves genuine and new produce from more than 70 ranchers in the region.Products, for example, occasional natural product, provincial olive oil, smoked meat and fish, craftsman cheeses, home made fixings, and craftsman cheeses are models. A wine visit involvement with the loosening up suburb is likewise mainstream gastronomic vacationer movement. Wine visits commonly incorporate meeting of wine sampling, with delightful cheddar or chocolate. Guests can likewise stroll through a legacy trail from the beautiful vineyards to the memorable settlement; visitors can likewise meet the winemaker who will share their involvement with winemaking process, and have a gourmet lunch experience matched with top notch wines ( Wyndham Estate 2012 ) .Gastrono my as a travel industry item to communicate eminence and status One of the inspirations for the travel industry is looking for of status and renown. Gastronomy can be comprehended as a travel industry item as it satisfies prerequisite in this perspective. As indicated by Fields (2002) , eating decent food in an extravagance spot or going to extraordinary events can be viewed as a way to be recognized from others. Besides, visitor can communicate their glory by tasting novel nearby food.Reynolds (2002) further called attention to that eating food in a decent eatery and apparently eating there can be considered as a device of drawing status differentiations. Gastronomy in type of gifts can likewise be the travel industry item that satisfies ones’ inspiration of looking for esteem. Particular food and refreshment items that isn't accessible at home spot are mainstream among traveler. Models are credible fixings, planner dish sets, porcelain, cutlery, and kitchen contraptions tri nkets, which can feature the nearby culture of a place.Souvenirs can fill in as a superficial point of interest that permits voyagers to impart their esteemed and exceptional recollections to loved ones. Huge scope occasions, for example, food and wine celebrations are the most famous the travel industry item in gastronomy setting. For instance, the Food Network South Beach Wine and Food Festival introduced by FOOD and WINE is a national, ritzy, four-day goal yearly occasion displaying the gifts of the world’s most famous wine and spirits makers, cooks and culinary characters (SOBEFEST 2012).Tourists can get an opportunity to meet the culinary VIPs, for example, Bobby Flay, Emer

3 huge reasons your team would benefit from a 6 hour work day

3 enormous reasons your group would profit by a 6 hour work day We as a whole know the familiar adage about â€Å"all work and no play†¦,† and despite the fact that it’s a very much worn clichã © now, it’s difficult to deny that there is a significant truth contained inside. Investing an excess of energy within recent memory working is once in a while a formula for a cheerful and even life. Truth be told, numerous specialists and business pioneers across enterprises presently accept that there’s a tipping point where investing an excessive amount of energy working can really have a negative countereffect on productivity. Envision placing in those additional hours consistently at your specific employment just to understand that it’s really harming your efficiency, also the awful impacts it’s having on your general wellbeing and well-being.Healthline distributed an article on normal impacts of working excessively, and it incorporated a lot of genuine potential results that shouldn’t be disregar ded: added liquor use to so as to loosen up post-work; slowed down profitability; traded off rest and daytime weariness; wretchedness; included pressure; expanded danger of coronary illness, stroke, and malignant growth; extra back and neck agony; and antagonistic consequences for individual relationships.Clearly, the earnestness of this issue has driven organizations to begin focusing truth be told, many are beginning to look more diligently at diminishing the length of workdays with an end goal to counterbalance the potential unfavorable symptoms of workaholic behavior. Another factor that’s assisting with driving the case for shorter workdays is mechanical advancement basically, the apparatuses we presently have available to us to assist us with completing our employments permits us to accomplish more and to be increasingly profitable, in less time than any time in recent memory before.Currently, there’s no consistent accord in regards to what extent the â€Å"perf ect sweet spot† is for the cutting edge workday, however there is a developing number of organizations that are exploring different avenues regarding the 6-hour workday, and the underlying outcomes are empowering. Harvard Business Review as of late put forth a defense for the six-hour weekday, which incorporates an abundance of interesting thoughts regarding how today’s organizations and representatives can possibly profit by moving to this workday model. Let’s investigate a portion of the manners in which your group can profit by moving to shorter workdays.Enhanced prioritizationSimply put, when we have less hours devoted to completing things, we work more diligently to organize assignments and obligations. This has an unmistakable net advantage prioritization engages us to get sorted out, perceive and laser center around the most significant and basic assignments, and plan properly, all which help activities everything being equal and sizes begin on the correct foot and progress successfully. At the point when we travel through our workdays bird-brained and disconnected, we’re progressively inclined to get diverted, muddled, and wrecked. Here’s the primary concern: shorter workdays and improved concentration and prioritization are win-win situations for businesses and representatives alike.Honesty and focusWho among us isn’t acquainted with ridiculous desires at work? Truth be told, the mantra of huge numbers of today’s organizations is â€Å"do more with less,† which regularly means less exhausted workers being burdened with a bigger number of obligations than they can attainably deal with at some random time, with less assets available to them so as to get things done.What does this frequently mean? Huge numbers of us extending our effectively long workdays in a worthless exertion to remain above water at our employments and abstain from suffocating in an incomplete expanse of every day undertakings, w hich frequently prompts burnout, high paces of occupation turnover, and incomplete or shoddy ventures. Who does that benefit?Shorter workdays regularly power bosses and representatives to be increasingly practical with what they can achieve and be progressively careful about what assets are required so as to remain on track.Happier employeesWho realized that more joyful workers ordinarily mean increasingly gainful and solid specialists? Heaps of today’s generally dynamic and imaginative organizations, really including the individuals who are going to shorter workdays with an end goal to enable their laborers to have a more advantageous and more joyful work-life balance. Organizations are progressively surrendering the obsolete and basically absurd thought that they have to wring each and every drop of time and vitality from their representatives, and are figuring out how to acknowledge the possibility that less crude hours spent at work doesn’t mean less work completin g. An incredible inverse, it regularly means more joyful and more invigorated specialists who are anxious to focus in and be beneficial. What business doesn’t need that? If you’re an entrepreneur or key leader at your organization and are thinking about moving to a shorter workday yet are searching for persuading motivations to do as such, ideally, the thoughts introduced here will get you to grasp the idea that this procedure is an extraordinary thought for your group.

Weekend Adventures Part One

Weekend Adventures Part One One of my favorite questions to ask, when talking to companies, is what a day as an intern is like. What would I be doing, who would I see, where would i go, etc. I figured that people would want to know what the daily life of an MIT student (i.e. me) is like. So i decided to chronicle my weekend! This will be the first of several a day in the life of Cyd posts and I can imagine them being lots of fun (for me at least) Friday: 5:00 pm helped my friend 1 finish a sudoku puzzle 5:15 pm â€" checked email/facebook/etc and listened to sample songs from the group SouLoved 6:00 pm watch last weeks episode of Bones with another friend 2 while friend 1 was in a meeting 7:15 pm â€" took the bus to wendy’s for dinner with friend 2 8:30 pm â€" ran home to change for the next activity 9:54 pm â€" went to a Salsa Night at Ryles Jazz Club in Cambridge … had a BLAST! 2:00 am â€" walked back to MIT. Stopped at 7/11 for a snack. ran into friends from Boston University. 3:10 am â€" came back to my room with a few friends to hang out 4:52 am â€" bed time ? Saturday: (P.S. in my book, the new day doesn’t start until I’ve had at least 4 hours of sleep lol) 12:00 pm â€" woke up…checked email…planned my week 3:00 pm â€" Gospel Choir practice!!!!!!!!! (favorite time of the week) 7:00 pm â€" LUChAs** Dia de la Revolucion Pozole Dinner 8:27 pm â€" go to friend 1’s room to hang out/catch up 9:45 pm â€" ran home to get laptop and headed to campus to chill 1:37 am â€" watched Avatar until i fell asleep Sunday: 8:00 am â€" wake up fail. Missed church this week :( 1:00 pm went to the gym to watch the Club Volleyball team in their tournament (they came in 3rd overall! Whooohooo! Goooo beavers!) 4:47 pm â€" headed to the Annual Gospel Choir Thanksgiving Potluck! 5:20 pm â€" ate and sang and played games until my side hurt from laughing so much :) 8:13 pm â€" pset time :) ** LUCHA = La Unión Chicana por Aztlán. LUChA is a student group that offers cultural and academic support to students who identify in any way with Mexican American culture. Check out more on their website. Well that was my weekend. :) Post Tagged #LUChA

Questions to Ask Your Medical School Interviewer

When your interviewer asks if you have any questions, you don’t want to draw a blank! Since your goal should be to come up with questions that are specific to your situation, I can’t give you a list of must-ask questions without knowing who YOU are. But here are a few sample questions that you can review and tweak so that the questions are more appropriate for YOU: How does the program help prepare students for residency? How does the program try to prevent burnout (or address students’ stress, etc.)? Do you expect to see any changes to the program over the next few years? What do you think is the most exciting research currently going on at the med school? If you are interviewing with med school alum or a second-year student, then you should ask questions about their experiences, for example: Who are/were some of your favorite professors? Favorite classes? What is/was a typical day like for you? Are there clubs or activities that you would recommend for someone interested in XYZ? What clubs are/were you involved in? How important do you think it is to be involved in extracurricular activities? If you could change anything about your experience at this program, what would it be? You get the idea. You want to come up with questions that personalize you and that show you have an interest in your interviewer’s experience (if relevant). Be specific, show that you’ve done your research, and most importantly, relax! For more advice on acing your med school interview, be sure to attend our upcoming webinar, How to Nail Your Medical School Interview! Reserve your spot now. Looking for more personalized assistance? Get the practice you need when you work one-on-one with an Accepted interview expert. Check out our Mock Interview Services for more information. hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'f983525f-d810-452f-a0d3-c41270570189', {}); For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  The Ultimate Guide to Medical School Interview Success, a free guide †¢ 3 Common Myths About Medical School Interviews †¢ Visiting Medical Schools: How to Make a Lasting Impression

Totalitarian World, Conformity Is Necessary for Survival

‘In a totalitarian world, conformity is necessary for survival.’ Discuss. George Orwell’s political parable, 1984, portrays an oppressive and dictatorial government, which thereby presents to the reader a palpable sense of danger and malevolence born out of the creation of a counter utopic totalitarian regime. Orwell’s nihilistic creation of Oceania, presents a world wherein every aspect of private and public life is abhorrently regimented and regulated by the autocratic ‘Big Brother’. The whole population at large is forced to conform to the ideals and beliefs of the tyrannical ‘party’ as a means of not only survival but also a means of being able to live an unabated existence. The party opposes all forms of individuality and†¦show more content†¦Life in Oceania is dull, lifeless and described as ‘swimming against the current’. Orwell creates a dire feeling of hopelessness through his destruction of friendship, family, love and individual thoughts. Love and sex are no longer accepted under the totalitarian regime and Winston is therein forced to suppress all his sexual desires treating sex as merely a procreative duty. His marriage to Katherine was purely ‘[their] duty to the Party’ whose end was the creation of new party members. This shows that in a totalitarian world it is wholly necessary to adhere to the constraints enforced by a government not only for personal salvation but also for the survival of the entirety of the human race. The insidious manifestation and nature of the Party’s power culminates through their manipulation of all aspects of life. History becomes a palimpsest wherein anything can be altered so as to favor the doctrines of the party. Language is slowly becoming eradicated and â€Å" It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten, a heretical thought should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words†. This illustrates that the party wishes to create orthodoxy wherein independent and singular thought which repudiate any vestiges of humanity and digress from the principles of the party are blatantly impossible. Winston is of the belief thatShow MoreRelatedRalph Ellison s Invisible Man1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the use of rhetorical devices, weaves his argument against conformity and for diversity in his critically acclaimed work, Invisible Man. He asserts that man must retain his own sense of indi viduality and embrace the differences of others, as conforming to a certain self-made ideology only exacerbates his desire for self-preservation, a detriment to the progress of humanity. Conformity forces man to gain power for survival. As a result, he becomes more self-centered. 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Men identify with spirit, mind, action, and power; they are rational, stable, reliable, and intelligent. Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva (1993) observe that women are more concerned about subsistence survival perspective than are men, most of who continue to believe that more growth, technology, science, and progress will simultaneously solve the ecological and economic crises. During the Chipko struggles in India women participated in hugging the treesRead MoreLiberal Perspective of a State7979 Words   |  32 Pagesoverthrow of tyrannical rule. The nineteenth century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, Latin America, and North America. Liberal ideas spread even further in the twentieth century, when liberal democracies triumphed in two world wars and survived major ideological challenges from fascism and communism. Conservatism, fundamentalism, and military dictatorship remain powerful opponents of liberalism. Today, liberals are organized politically on all major continents. They haveRead More The Apocalypse of William S. Burroughs’ Naked Lunch Essay54 53 Words   |  22 Pagesmanner of unrestrained and destructive behavior; that would be a minor episode, which would run its course. Everything is permitted because nothing is true. It is all make-believe, illusion, dream†¦. ART. When art leaves the frame and the written world leaves the page – not merely the physical frame and page, but the frames and pages of assigned categories – a basic disruption of reality occurs: the literal realization of art†¦ Success will write APOCALYPSE across the sky. (Burroughs and Haring, pRead MoreThe Evil of Politics and the Ethics of Evil10364 Words   |  42 PagesAction, falling short of the ethical ideal thus conceived in terms of perfect social adaptation, is attributed to ignoranceor lack of experi- I 2 ETHICS ence. Consequently,the remedyis found in educationand trainingfor social living in a changing world. Propaganda replacesmoral philosophy, and it is only consistent that in the curriculumof our institutions of higher learning propaganda analysis takes the place of moral philosophy.Verbalallegianceto the nonutilitarian ethical standards of the Hebrew-Christiantradition

Skinners Theories of Behaviorism Essay - 912 Words

Behaviorism is by far one of the most interesting fields of psychology in my opinion. B.F. Skinner’s view on behaviorism was that a person’s actions are controlled by rewards and punishments. Relating this to a real life situation, a great example of this would be a parent and a child. Behavioral analysis is how a person’s behaviours are based on the individuals’ personal history and past experiences. This is different then radical behaviorism, which Skinner fell into. Skinner believed that mental events, such as thinking, were not needed to explain behavior. A parent raising a child deals with a lot of operant conditioning if they know it or not. A parent is always trying to teach a child right and wrong. From operant conditioning†¦show more content†¦The changing of the channel is removing the unwanted television program. Punishment refers to a response with an unpleasant consequence. Punishment unlike reinforcement decreases the likelihood tha t the response will occur again. Positive punishment is any stimulus that, when added to a situation decreases the probability that a given behavior will occur. If a child is destroying the house by painting the walls and the parent catches them doing this act. The parent may spank the child adding an unpleasant consequence and hoping this behavior will not occur again. Negative punishment is any stimulus that, when removed from the situation decreases the probability that the behavior will occur again. A lot of times the negative punishment is called the response cost. If a child is hitting their sister instead of adding an action such as hitting the child a parent (mostly permissive parenting) will remove this action. Another way this can be seen is if you take away the child’s playtime and replace it with a timeout. The child is having a pleasant event removed, which will decrease the chance that the child will hit their sibling again. All of these reinforcements and punis hments are shaping the child to grow into an individual who has the right morals in life. If a parent wants their child to do well in school and clean the house they need to set a series of gradual daily goals for their child. The parent then can reward them forShow MoreRelated B. F. Skinner Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pageswas a very straightforward man and a very educated man. His theories have helped mankind in many ways. He has studied the behavior patterns of many living organisms. Skinner was a well-published writer. His work has been published in many journals. He also has written many books on behaviorism. His most important work was the study of behaviorism.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  First began by John B. Watson, behaviorism is one of the most widely studied theories today. B.F. Skinner and His Influence in Psychology B.F. SkinnerRead MoreThe Ambiguity Of Behaviorism : Human Equality And Freedom Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pages The Ambiguity of Behaviorism: Human Equality and Freedom YI TSAM MARY KONG University of British Columbia The Ambiguity of Behaviorism: Human Equality and Freedom Behaviorism on learning and memory occupies an important position in the history of psychology. John B. Watson is the father of behaviorism while B.F. Skinner is the most famous behaviorist of the twentieth century. Watson’s methodological behaviorism means that it is only the behaviors of an individual thatRead MoreVerbal Behavior and Verbal Response1328 Words   |  5 PagesSkinner, in ‘A review of B. F. Skinner’s verbal Behavior’ and ‘Selections from Science and Human Behavior’, discusses the idea of operant conditioning in human behavior, and functional analysis in human verbal behavior respectively. Both ideas seek to explain human behavior, whether in physical action or in verbal communication. Operant conditioning takes its root from Thorndike’s law of effect, dealing with reinforcing consequences that are contingent on a response (or specified behavior). FunctionalRead MoreBehaviorism To Teach Human Behaviors. Author ’S Name. Institutional981 Words   |  4 Pages Behaviorism to Teach Human Behaviors Author’s Name Institutional Affiliation Abstract The paper discusses the various problems encountered while employing the concept of behaviorism to teach human behaviors. The concept of free will and its relation with behaviorism is deliberated and their differences are highlighted. Determinism and Reductionism concepts are linked with each other and their differences and relationship with behaviorism and free will is examined. Skinner’s views ofRead MoreBehaviorism : Behaviorism And Behaviorism847 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviorism When individuals hear the term Behaviorism today, they instantly know that it signifies some form of behavior considering that it is in the word itself. Nevertheless, what exactly is behaviorism? According to the Dictionary of Psychology, behaviorism is a theory of learning that is based upon the idea that all behaviors are obtained from outside observations and not in thoughts or feelings. In the twentieth century, three significant behaviorists John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov and B.F.Read MoreThe Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology1359 Words   |  6 PagesJohn B. Watson work on classical behaviorism that paved the way for B. F. Skinners radical or operant behaviorism which has had a large impact on educational systems. Watson was one of the influential psychologists of the twentieth century. His material is still used in most psychology and educational psychology texts. Watson helped with defining the study of behavior anticipated Skinners emphasis on operant conditioning and the importance of learning and environmental influencesRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagesas operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), â€Å"the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences†. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consisting of positive, negative, primary andRead MoreComparison of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with Skinners Behaviorist Theory1587 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with Skinners Behaviorist Theory Typing Template for APA Papers: A Sample of Proper APA Fifth Edition Formatting Deborah DiBerardino Grand Canyon University: Educational Psychology EDU 313N Amy Wilkinson August 5, 2012 Comparison of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with Skinners Behaviorist Theory The definition of motivation according to Dictionary.com is: â€Å"The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way; theRead More B. F. Skinner Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesmother, Grace M. Burrhus, was a stenographer and a secretary, in a law office and later in a railroad chief executives office. His father, William A. Skinner, was an attorney, who studied law with another local attorney at a New York Law School. Skinners parents were both good students. His father had bought several sets of books, so there was a lot of reading material their children. Skinner said that his parents never used physical punishment, except for the time they washed his mouth out withRead MoreBehavioral Psychology and BF Skinner916 Words   |  4 Pagesfor his theories in behaviorism and remains as one of the best and most controversial figures in the world of psychology. Most of his work throughout his lifetime dealt with both positive and negative reinforcements and the after-effects it had on behavior. B.F. Skinner understood that as humans, everything that we do or become is through the methods of rewards and punishments. Though his time has long since passed, his ideology and his written works such as Walden II and About Behaviorism have applied

Compare and Contrast of the Paintings Man in a Red Turban...

Throughout the history of art, there has always been a plethora of portraiture, no matter the time period or the medium whether is be sculptures, paintings or even carvings. Humans have always been fascinated with themselves and the way others look. But it’s not always about vanity, it means so much more and can be conveyed in many different ways. In some cases, the artists moved beyond that of a simple likeness and can instill different emotions in the viewer. That being said, in this essay I will compare and contrast two portraits. The first is an oil painting titled Man in a Red Turban by Flemish painter Jan van Eyck from 1433. The second work of art is Louis XIV by Hyacinthe Rigaud, a French Baroque painter. The portrait is from 1701†¦show more content†¦This is present in his portrait of King Louie XIV where he is portrayed as a wealthy, confident and even pompous individual. Rigaud made his presence a grand and majestic one. This is in stark contrast to van Eyck ’s Man in a Red Turban painting in which the subject in surrounded in darkness and is seemingly downplayed, humble and simplified. Eyck’s painting was a peculiar one in that it’ was the first painting in several thousand years that had the subject facing forward, eyes gazed at the viewer. His eyes pierce you with realism. The subject has a subtle and calm pose that makes him out to be a regal, intelligent man. The background behind the man is solid black; the man seems to materialize from darkness making the man and especially his fiery red turban pop out and art definitely the main focus. The man in the turban is said to have actually been a portrait of van Eyck himself, however this seems to only be a theory as there is no hard evidence to back that up. Eyck conjures up many visual elements and principals of design in this particular painting. The lines used in the painting are very shard and straight. He also makes use of light (here, darkness) to his advantage. As I mentioned earlier, the solid black background adds to the effects that this men is surrounded by mystery, possibly leading the viewer to the conclusion that there is more to him than meets the eye. This also gives hint to his calm, reserved

Carrolls Influence on Literary Nonsense - 1909 Words

Carrolls Influence on Literary Nonsense Literature has always been a source of escaping reality, even if only for an hour. Whether it is within the pages of a novel or the lines of a poem, reading is a way to travel outside the realm of everyday life and become a hero or villain, a lover or a monster. Their are books written about anything and everything, but one theme that intrigues young and old alike is a world completely different from ones own. When one flips everyday meaning upside down, one is left with nonsensical beings and twisted story lines. One very popular author who writes with this mindset is Lewis Carroll. He writes with the common theme of literary nonsense including elements such as neologism, repetition, and fantasy settings. In the novel Alice In Wonderland, Carrolls imagination helps readers escape reality even though his own views of reality seep into his story. Lewis Carroll attended the college of Christ Church where he met the new dean of the college, Henry Liddell. Mr. Liddell brought his family along with him. Carroll became close friends with Mr. Liddells wife, Lorina, and their children. Carroll spent his early adult life around the Liddell children. Carroll would often take the Liddell children to the river and tell them adventure stories, which the children begged to hear. The bond between Lewis Carroll and the Liddell children grew after some time. In particular, he was closest with Alice Liddell. They loved spending timeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Lewis Carroll2377 Words   |  10 Pages â€Å"Jabberwocky† Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky: Sense or Nonsense Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. quot;Beware the Jabberwock, my son The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!quot; He took his vorpal sword in hand; Long time the manxome foe he sought-- So rested he by the Tumtum tree, And stood awhile in thought. And, as in uffishRead MoreMimesis in Alice in Wonderland2678 Words   |  11 Pagesconsitute a new notion of mimesis in Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass Mimà ©sis ve svÄ›tovà © literatuÃ…â„¢e/Klà ¡ra Kolà ­nskà ¡, Úterà ½ 10:50 – 12:25 â€Å"Who in the world am I?† Ah, that’s the great puzzle.[1] This question, asked by Alice herself at the beginning of Alices Adventures in Wonderland, anticipates the theme of identity and the reflection of mimesis in the literary nonsense and the author develops the subjects toRead MoreCreator Of A Wonderland, By Lewis Carroll1857 Words   |  8 Pagesreflecting his views. Carroll used his views concerning English society in the 19th century to influence his writings such as his poems and Alice in Wonderland by reflecting his worldview into the lives of his characters. Through his Christian upbringing and beliefs, Lewis Carroll developed unconventional realities based on the Word of the Lord along with his studies of logic and mathematics. Carroll’s writings and tales differed from that of other Victorian writers, for he displayed both his humorRead MoreLewis Carrolls Life and Works Essay2491 Words   |  10 PagesMaster’s Degree at Christ Church, in Oxford. Charles Dodgson Senior’s experiences began with him being an entertainer and a protector as he would tell stories and play around with children of his only adult friends. These time and experiences shaped his literary works. Also his experiences included him playing with his sisters. Carroll would tell elaborate, entertaining stories to his young sisters. He also told these stories to other young girls he encountered. According to Edward Rothstein, â€Å"He was eminentlyRead More «Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland »7735 Words   |  31 Pagesuse of figurative language, lexical, stylistic and graphical devices in this work of art. The aim of the paper consists in analyzing expressive means applied in the novel. The tasks of the work are as follows: †¢ To describe Lewis Carroll’s life, creativity and conception of the world †¢ To acquaint the reader with the novel â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland†, its plot, history of creation and peculiarities †¢ To provide the theoretical background for dealing with Lexical DevicesRead MoreHow Do Travelers Construct Their Own Identity As They Travel? Essay2140 Words   |  9 PagesHow do travelers construct their own identity as they travel? ‘â€Å"Who are you?† said the Caterpillar.’ (Carroll 1998: 40). Identity is explored extensively throughout Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Amos Tutuola’s The Palm-Wine Drinkard (1952). Both protagonists embark on a journey that questions their inner self; through the distortion of characters, time and plot. Transformations allow each protagonist to distort their own identity and gain self-awareness as they travelRead MoreThe Fantastic Author Of The World s Most Wonderful Children2290 Words   |  10 Pagesyoung girls and others around their ages, especially noted in his amateur photography (Tyle). Some psychoanalysts argue that these supposed friendships were pedophelic while other agrue that they were harmless, but still fascinating, and make his literary words even more enticing (Heath). Regardless, Dodgson often spent afternoons with the daughters, creating fanciful stories on a whim. The youngest of which was Alice, who one day prompted Dodgson to create an improvised story that would one day becomeRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesarea of study. Its richness is reflected in the vast amount of theories that permeate and surround the term. From feminist studies to new historicism, literary theory places the child/text/context relationship on varying ideological and political axes. The reconceptualization of its history and the postmodern growth of radical alternative literary â€Å"histories† further complicate a retelling of the history of children’s literature. Consequently, it becomes not only a difficult but also a contentiousRead More Anti-Slavery Issue and Childrens Magazines: 1820-1860 Essay examples5201 Words   |  21 Pagesthe moral development of the child. For the parent, not the school or even the church, was to be the major force in developing the child’s highest potential, and of the two parents, the mother was thought to be sup remely qualified to inculcate, to influence, to teach by example.   So much, in fact, was assigned to the woman’s role that today we can well believe that appropriate, wholesome, ‘safe’ reading-matter for the child was a boon to the mother. And into this breach, ready to fill the gap that

Progression In The Learning Of Addition And Subtraction Education Essay Free Essays

string(107) " same merely with the add-on of holding to multiply and split utilizing the topic of money and measurings\." Introduction This assignment will look into the patterned advance in the instruction and acquisition of add-on and minus from baby’s room to twelvemonth 4 sing the â€Å" understanding diagram † , theoretical accounts for add-on and minus, oral/mental and written methods, resources used, larning facts and the utilizing and applying/problem work outing method. One manner that kids learn about add-on is through practical experience. In mundane life people are adding by uniting two or more sets of objects. We will write a custom essay sample on Progression In The Learning Of Addition And Subtraction Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The same can be said for minus. Children learn that by taking a peculiar figure of objects from a group it ever leaves the same figure of objects eg. 4-1 is ever 3. This is the manner kids foremost learn about add-on and minus. For many kids, they begin to understand the construct of adding when learn figure vocals in their early instruction. It is really of import to supply kids with good practical experiences in order to assist them larn. It is besides critical to pattern the right linguistic communication so the kids themselves are able to get it. This gives them a good foundation as they move farther through the instruction system. Whilst kids are in a Nursery scene or a Reception category they will be following the Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) papers. Within this papers there are 6 countries of acquisition. The country of larning concentrating on the development of mathematical accomplishments is called Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy. Within that country there are specific countries sing add-on and minus. Once kids enter Year 1 they will be following the National Curriculum. Although this is the statutory papers instructors frequently use the Primary National Strategies papers to be after and present lessons. This papers breaks down the aims of the National Curriculum to offer a more focused attack to learning and acquisition. Early Old ages The instruction of add-on and minus in a baby’s room scene is based on mundane state of affairss and practical activities. Counting vocals is a common manner of reenforcing Numberss and presenting simple add-on and minus. For illustration, five small ducks. This is a good illustration of a manner that simple add-on and minus is introduced and reinforced in a nursery scene. The kids shortly learn that 5 take off 1 is 4, that 4 take off 1 is 3 etc and that 0 add 5 is 5. The right linguistic communication can be modelled so the kids learn what linguistic communication to utilize when they do activities for themselves. Games are besides a good manner of presenting or reenforcing add-on and minus. Some games are non needfully made for add-on and minus but it can be encouraged. When inquiring the kids to compare the sum of Numberss each of them has, by inquiring the kids inquiries, ‘How many more do you hold? ‘ , ‘How many less do you hold? ‘ . The kids will be working with little Numberss and will shortly be able to state how many less they have merely by hearing the two Numberss alternatively of holding to number them. Simple boundaries within the schoolroom are another manner of promoting the usage of add-on and minus. Where merely a certain sum of kids are allowed in each country at a clip and the kids have to maintain path of how many there should be, how many less or how many more? The foundation phase introductory battalion offers thoughts for activities for the different countries of larning set out in the EYFS. When looking at add-on and minus in a Nursery puting the papers offers activities for comparing two groups of objects, demoing that when you split a group of four the sum is the same and happening the entire figure of objects in two groups. Each of these activities uses physical objects in order to show the mathematical regulation. They use resources such as the figure line, plastic coins and serpents. For immature kids in peculiar good resources are indispensable in order to prosecute the kids and efficaciously learn them about add-on and minus. In the response papers activities for looking at presenting jobs such as ‘how many will at that place be when one more†¦ .. ? ‘ , promoting the kids to state the figure that is one more than a given figure and giving chances for kids to happen one more or less than a figure up to 10s are offered. Again, merely as in the baby’s room, each of these activities involves physical experiences and the activities are games to learn and reenforce the mathematical regulations for these facets of add-on and minus. Although the chief papers for Nursery scenes and Reception is the EYFS the Primary Framework wants to promote the facet of utilizing and using mathematics. The utilizing and using mathematics strand has five subjects with patterned advance being built into each subject from the foundation phase right up to twelvemonth 6. The three subdivisions of ‘using and using ‘ in the National Curriculum programmes of survey are straight related. Within the foundation phase, within the work outing jobs subdivision it states that kids will be utilizing their developing mathematical thoughts and methods so they can to work out practical jobs. Therefore, any jobs they are given related to add-on and minus they will be able to work out given their anterior cognition. Year 1- Year 4 From Year 1 to twelvemonth 4 it becomes more in deepness and references add-on and minus specifically. For Year 1 kids they will be looking at assorted jobs to make with adding and deducting and work outing jobs in the subject of money and measurings. This means that a batch of the concrete experiences they have will be based around stores in their function play country in order to give the kids a more existent experience of numbering money and holding to make add-on or minus within those scenarios. Year two is much the same merely with the add-on of holding to multiply and split utilizing the topic of money and measurings. You read "Progression In The Learning Of Addition And Subtraction Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Year three is a little measure up from this with the kids holding to take which computations to utilize and to transport them out themselves. Therefore they must make up one’s mind whether it is right to add, deduct, split or multiply. Year 4 is n on excessively different merely they will be larning how to utilize reckoner methods where appropriate. When kids have to work out jobs or they are asked to follow a ‘line of question ‘ , they will be demoing their thoughts, utilizing Numberss, symbols or diagrams. They will besides be involved in concluding and foretelling and pass oning those consequences, either orally or in authorship. The ‘understanding diagram ‘ put frontward by Haylock and Cockburn, shows the different facets of mathematical acquisition that are needed in order for a kid to be competent and confident in this country. One of the major parts of the diagram is concrete experiences. The instructor needs to finish undertakings themselves and utilize a scope of resources in their instruction. By making such activities it enables the kids to better retrieve what they have been taught as they are able to associate it to a physical memory. It besides allows the kids and the instructor to prosecute in duologue more easy. During these activities it is besides of import for the instructor to mode the linguistic communication they want the kids to take on and to utilize the right symbols themselves to promote the kids to make the same. Written and oral/mental methods for add-on and minus are another two of import facets of mathematical development. An indispensable portion of maths work is unwritten and mental. Early practical, unwritten and mental work, that is carried out in the foundation phases, is the footing for offering kids the chance to construct on their cognition of add-on and minus for numbering attacks and a good apprehension of topographic point value. Subsequently on their instruction kids must be able to recognize how these map s relate to each other and how the regulations can be used and applied. Oral and mental work is non merely something to be used in the beginning of instruction but must be continued to supply pattern and consolidation of these thoughts. Children must be given the chance to use the information they have learned and to do the correct determinations for themselves. To be able to cipher mentally needs an apprehension of figure forms and relationships that are developed through inquiring, by utilizing certain theoretical accounts and using the cognition of Numberss. Children must hold the abil ity to remember figure facts immediately in order to cipher mentally. In twelvemonth 2 this would be the add-on and minus regulations up to 10. For twelvemonth 3 it would be ‘sums and differences of multiples of 10 ‘ and for twelvemonth 4, ‘the generation facts up to 10Ãâ€"10 ‘ . There must besides be an ability to utilize taught schemes in order to work out the computation. For illustration, in twelvemonth 1, to be able to understand that you can get down add-on amounts with any figure and utilize the information to make mental computations of one or two-digit Numberss. To be able usage different methods for partitioning two-digit Numberss in twelvemonth 2 and in twelvemonth 5, to be able to ‘apply mental methods in particular instances ‘ . Finally the ability to utilize and use the regulations of mathematics. For illustration, to be able to execute mental computations of add-on and minus, of one and two-digit Numberss ( twelvemonth 3 ) . The written methods for add-on come in 4 phases and the purpose is that kids are able to utilize the mental methods where they can but when they ca n’t make computations in their caput. They can utilize an efficient written method accurately and with assurance. Children need to cognize at least one efficient written method for add-on that they feel confident utilizing if they ca n’t make the computation in their caput. The undermentioned phases show how the kids are able to construct up to utilize an appropriate written method for adding whole Numberss by the clip they finish twelvemonth 4. In order for the kids to add successfully they need to cognize some basic accomplishments which are ; ‘to recall all add-on braces to 9+9 and regards in 10 ‘ , ‘to add mentally a series of one-digit Numberss ‘ , ‘to add multiples of 10 or of 100 utilizing the related add-on fact and to be able to utilize different ways of partitioning two and three-digit Numberss every bit good as their cognition on topographic point value. Stage one of the written methods involve the usage of the empty figure line. Children need to be able to divide Numberss in different ways instead than ever into 10s and 1s to assist them add in stairss in order to do multiples of 10. The empty figure line is a manner of assisting them to enter their stairss when ciphering the sum. Phase 2 involves partitioning so that mental methods can be recorded. The 10s and 1s are added to organize partial amounts and those partial amounts are added together. The 3rd phase is the expanded method in columns where the kids move on to a layout that shows the add-on of the 10s and the 1s individually. As kids become more confident they can get down by adding the 1s instead than the 10s. This method leads kids to a more compact method. The 4th and concluding phase is the column method. In this method, there is even less entering to make. The carried figures are noted below the line, either in 10s or in 100s and non in 1s. This can be made more ambitious. The kids can travel on to add more complex Numberss of different Numberss of figures. The written methods for minus come in three phases. The purpose is the same as for the written methods of add-on and once more the phases show how the kids are able to construct up an efficient method for deducting two or three-digit whole Numberss by the clip they finish twelvemonth 4. In order to be able to deduct successfully the kids should cognize the figure facts for add-on and minus to twenty, ‘subtract multiples of 10 utilizing the related minus fact and their cognition of topographic point value ‘ and divider Numberss into multiples of one, 10 and one hundred in legion ways. Phase one, merely as in add-on involves the usage of the empty figure line, which helps the kids to record and subsequently explicate the stairss they haven taken in their mental minus. After the kids have practiced this method for a piece they wo n’t necessitate to enter as much information. They will necessitate to make up one’s mind whether to number back or up. It is utile to inquire the kids if numbering up or back is better for certain computations. When numbering up from little to big Numberss mentally it can be recorded by utilizing figure lines or in columns. The kids will necessitate to be able to, when covering with two-digit Numberss, to cipher the replies mentally. If the kids are able to work out the replies they do n’t necessitate to execute as many stairss when they are working with three-digit Numberss. The numbering up method is a good option for those kids whose advancement is slow. Phase 2 involves partitioning. Partitioning can be used to compose tantamount minus amounts that can so be performed mentally. The 3rd and concluding phase is expanded layout. The column method is mirrored by partitioning the Numberss into 1s and 10s and so composing one under the other. This parallels the method for add-on instead so being straight linked to any mental methods. This besides relies on secure mental accomplishments. Decision Children construct on their anterior cognition to come on with their mathematical accomplishments. They all start with practical experiences and changeless exposure to add-on and minus. All kids need to develop sound mental accomplishments in order to develop their written accomplishments. They have to larn the basic regulations for add-on and minus to come on with the written methods. How to cite Progression In The Learning Of Addition And Subtraction Education Essay, Essay examples

Essay and Summary of the Bad Customer Service free essay sample

Dell is one of the 5 star rated PC companies that received a lot of compliment for its products and customer service. Among of them are Dave, who is one of the Dell customer support saying that he dealt in the past with the customer service for his laptop replacement that was actually perfect. Bapman007, the another viewer made his comment by told them that he never face any problem with service after he brought lots of PC’s from Dell for his business purpose and also helped them to sell quality products to their customer . Most of them are satisfied with all the testimonial with all their PCs and printers and they will never thinking to try the another products. In addition, a lot of the customers decided to be regular Dell customer and praised with the fast delivery system and convenient return policy. Blessed, a user nicknamed wanted to have his Dell laptop battery exchanged by sharing his experience with others. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay and Summary of the Bad Customer Service or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without charging any cost, they just change the battery within 24 hours. Besides that, the delivery orders in online is very fast and excellent by giving concession coupon to the customers to avoid a case such as delivering wrong products or late delivery that are very seldom. The customer service deals with such problem very well and make the customer to satisfy with the service referring to the customer review. Next, Scott a particular reviewer writes in his review that he made multiple purchases with Dell. He was given a great response by the Dell customer service although he made his inquiry. His review says that there is no anything wrong with the computers during the customer service question and he felt relieved, friendly and helpful information and response for the service . One of the other Dell’s customer called Munnu states that the service and after sale technical support makes this printer brand is the best in the industry. Apart from this, Constance Siekmann, the main customer , expresses his pleasure over being guided effectively through the installation process the Dell technical support in the computer. Free shipping cost is the most comment compliment by the customers and usually received praised by the Dell by always giving a good information to the customers about the current stage of the orders during the delivering process . Hence, if the orders are postponed, customers are informed beforehand. Futhermore , the items are delivered earlier than they are expected.

A Steercar Named Desire Blanches Psychological Breakdown Essay Example For Students

A Steercar Named Desire Blanches Psychological Breakdown Essay In Tennesse Williams play, A Streetcar Named Desire the readers are introduced to a character named Blanche DuBois. In the plot, Blanche is Stellas younger sister who has come to visit Stella and her husband Stanley in New Orleans. After their first meeting Stanley develops a strong dislike for Blanche and everything associated with her. Among the things Stanley dislikes about Blanche are her spoiled-girl manners and her indirect and quizzical way of conversing. Stanley also believes that Blanche has conned him and his wife out of the family mansion. In his opinion, she is a good-for-nothing leech that has attached itself to his household, and is just living off him. Blanches lifelong habit of avoiding unpleasant realities leads to her breakdown as seen in her irrational response to death, her dependency, and her inability to defend herself from Stanleys attacks. Blanches situation with her husband is the key to her later behavior. She married rather early at the age of sixteen to whom a boy she believed was a perfect gentleman. He was sensitive, understanding, and civilized much like herself coming from an aristocratic background. She was truly in love with Allen whom she considered perfect in every way. Unfortunately for her he was a homosexual. As she caught him one evening in their house with an older man, she said nothing, permitting her disbelief to build up inside her. Sometime later that evening, while the two of them were dancing, she told him what she had seen and how he disgusted her. Immediately, he ran off the dance floor and shot himself, with the gunshot forever staying in Blanches mind. After that day, Blanche believed that she was really at fault for his suicide. She became promiscuous, seeking a substitute men especially young boys, for her dead husband, thinking that she failed him sexually. Gradually her reputation as a whore built up and everyone in her home town knew about her. Even for military personnel at the near-by army base, Blanches house became out-of-bounds. Promiscuity though wasnt the only problem she had. Many of the aged family members died and the funeral costs had to be covered by Blanches modest salary. The deaths were long, disparaging and horrible on someone like Blanche. She was forced to mortgage the mansion, and soon the bank repossessed it. At school, where Blanche taught English, she was dismissed because of an incident she had with a seventeen-year-old student that reminded her of her late husband. Even the management of the hotel Blanche stayed in during her final days in Laurel, asked her to leave because of the all the different men that had been seeing there. All of this, cumulatively, weakened Blanche, turned her into an alcoholic, and lowered her mental stability bit-by-bit. Her husbands death affects her greatly and determines her behavior from then on. Having lost Allan, who meant so much to her, she is blinded by the light and from then on never lights anything stronger than a dim  candle. This behavior is evident when she first comes to Stellas and puts a paper lantern over the light bulb. Towards the end, when the doctor comes for Blanche and she says she forgot something, Stanley hands her her paper lantern. Even Mitch notices that she cannot stand the pure light, and therefore refuses to go out with him during the daytime or to well lit places. Blanche herself says I cant stand a naked light bulb any more than . A hate for bright light isnt the only affect on Blanche after Allans death she needs to fill her empty heart, and so she turns to a lifestyle of one-night-stands with strangers. She tries to comfort herself from not being able to satisfy Allan, and so Blanche makes an effort to satisfy strangers, thinking that they need her and that she cant fail them like she failed Allan. At the same time she turns to alcohol to avoid the brutality of death. The alcohol seems to ease her through the memories of the night of Allans death. Overtime the memory comes back to her, the musical tune from the incident doesnt end in her mind until she has something alcoholic to drink. All of these irrational responses to death seem to signify how Blanches mind is unstable, and yet she tries to still be the educated, well-mannered, and attractive person that Mitch first sees her as. She tries to not let the horridness come out on top of her image, wanting in an illusive and magical world instead. The life s he desires though is not what she has and ends up with. .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 , .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .postImageUrl , .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 , .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3:hover , .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3:visited , .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3:active { border:0!important; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3:active , .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3 .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4524675ded66fae10d4f4bf3eb6029a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Francios Rabelias EssayBlanche is very dependent coming to Stella from Belle Reve with less than a dollar in change. Having been fired at school, she resorts to prostitution for finances, and even that does not suffice her. She has no choice but to come and live with her sister; Blanche is homeless, out of money, and cannot get a job due to her reputation in Laurel. Already in New Orleans, once she meets Stanley, Blanche is driven to get out of the house. She needs get away from Stanley for she feels that a Kowalski and a DuBois cannot coexist in the same household. Her only resort to get out, though, is Mitch. She then realizes how much she needs Mitch. When asked by Stel la, Whether Blanche wants Mitch, Blanche answers I want to restbreathe quietly again! Yes-I want Mitchif it happensI can leave here and not be anyones problem. This demonstrates how dependent she is on Mitch, and consequently Blanche tries to get him to marry her. There is though Stanley who stands between her and Mitch. Stanley is a realist and cannot stand the elusive dame Blanche, eventually destroying her along with her illusions. Blanche cannot withstand his attacks. Before her, Stanleys household was exactly how he wanted it to be. When Blanche came around and drunk his liquor, bathed in his bathtub, and posed a  threat to his marriage, he acted like a primitive animal that he was, going by the principle of the survival of the fittest. Blanche already weakened by her torturous past did not have much of a chance against him. From their first meeting when he realized she lied to him about drinking his liquor, he despised her. He attacked her fantasies about the rich boyfriend at a time when she was most emotionally unstable. He had fact over her word and forced her to convince herself that she did not part with Mitch in a friendly manner. Further, he went on asking her for the physical telegram to convince him that she did receive it. When Blanche was unable to provide it, he completely destroy ed her fantasies, telling her how she was the worthless Queen of the Nile sitting, on her throne and swilling down his liquor. This wild rebuttal by Stanley she could not possibly take, just as she could not face a naked light bulb. Further when Stanley went on to rape her, he completely diminished her mental stability. It was not the actual rape that represents the causes for her following madness, but the fact that she was raped by a man who represented everything unacceptable to her. She couldnt handle being so closely exposed to something that she has averted and diluted all of her life reality, realism, and rape by a man who knew her, destroyed her, and in the end made her something of his. She could not possibly effectively refute against him in front of Stella. Blanches past and present actions behavior, in the end, even in Stellas eyes depicted her as an insane person. All of Blanches troubles with Stanley that in the end left her in a mental institution could have been avoided by her. Stanley and she would have gotten along better if she would have been frank with him during their first encounter. Blanche made a grave mistake by trying to act like a lady, or trying to be what she thought a lady ought to be. Stanley, being as primitive as he was, would have liked her better if she was honest with him about drinking his liquor. Blanche always felt she could give herself to strangers, and so she did try to flirt with Stanley at first. After all like she said to Stella Honey, would I be here if the man werent married?, Stanley did catch her eyes at first. But being brutally raped by him in the end destroyed her because he was not a starnger, he knew her, he made her face reality, and in a way he exposed her to the bright luminous light she could not stand all her life.

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buy custom Antibiotics essay An antibiotic refers to a substance that either kills or slows down the process of bacteria growth. Antibiotics, together with other anti-viral, anti-parasitic and anti-fungal drugs form a larger group known as microbials. Antibiotics can be considered to be selective poisons and are therefore relatively harmless to human beings. Originally, the term was used in reference to only those formulations made using living organisms. Today, the term refers to even synthetic antimicrobials, for example, sulfonamides. For an antibiotic to be prescribed, the doctor has to determine the type of infection, its location and whether or not the antibiotic can reach the site of the infection. Oral antibiotics are the most commonly preferred approach. Intravenous antibiotics are usually targeted at infections that are much more serious. Sometimes, antibiotics are prescribed in the form of ointments or eyedrops. Nowadays, antibiotics have been subject to overuse and misuse. Misuse comes in form of taking antibiotics that are inappropriate or not adhering to prescription instructions relating to dosage. It is common for a patient to feel better and hence to stop taking antibiotics. In most cases, when one feels better, this is not to say that the disease-causing microorganism has been completely eradicated. Buy custom Antibiotics essay

Founding of the Republican Party

Founding of the Republican Party The Republican Party was founded in the mid-1850s following the fracturing of other political parties over the issue of slavery. The party, which was based on stopping the spread of slavery to new territories and states, arose out of protest meetings which took place in a number of northern states. The catalyst for the founding of the party was the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in the spring of 1854. The law was a major change from the Missouri Compromise of three decades earlier and made it seem possible that new states in the West would come into the Union as slave states. The change splintered both major parties of the era, the Democrats and the Whigs. Each party contained factions that either endorsed or opposed the spread of slavery into western territories. Before the Kansas-Nebraska Act was even signed into law by President Franklin Pierce, protest meetings had been called in a number of locations.   With meetings and conventions happening in a number of northern states, it is impossible to pinpoint one particular place and time where the party was founded.  One meeting, at a schoolhouse  in Ripon, Wisconsin, on March 1, 1854, is often credited as being where the Republican Party was founded. According to a number of accounts published in the 19th century, a convention of disaffected Whigs and members of the fading Free Soil Party assembled at Jackson, Michigan on July 6, 1854. A Michigan congressman, Jacob Merritt Howard, was credited with drawing up the first platform of the party and giving it the name Republican Party. It is often stated that Abraham Lincoln was the founder of the Republican Party. While the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act did motivate Lincoln to return to an active role in politics, he was not part of the group which actually founded the new political party. Lincoln did, however, quickly become a member of the Republican Party and in the election of 1860 he would become its second nominee for president. Formation of a New Political Party Forming the new political party was no easy accomplishment. The American political system in the early 1850s was complicated, and members of a number of factions and minor parties had widely varying degrees of enthusiasm about migrating to a new party. In fact, during the congressional elections of 1854, it seemed that most of the opponents to the spread of slavery concluded their most practical approach would be the formation of fusion tickets. For example, members of the Whigs and the Free Soil Party formed tickets in some states to run in local and Congressional elections. The fusion movement was not very successful, and was ridiculed with the slogan Fusion and Confusion. Following the 1854 elections momentum grew to call meetings and begin to seriously organize the new party. Throughout 1855 various state conventions brought together Whigs, Free Soilers, and others. In New York State, the powerful political boss Thurlow Weed joined the Republican Party, as did the states anti-slavery senator William Seward, and the influential newspaper editor Horace Greeley. Early Campaigns of the Republican Party It seemed obvious that the Whig Party was finished, and couldnt run a candidate for the presidency in 1856. As the controversy over Kansas escalated (and would eventually turn into a small-scale conflict dubbed Bleeding Kansas), the Republicans gained traction as they presented a united front against the pro-slavery elements dominating the Democratic Party. As former Whigs and Free Soilers coalesced around the Republican banner, the party held its first national convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from June 17-19, 1856. Approximately 600 delegates gathered, mainly from the northern states but also including the border slave states of Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and the District of Columbia. The territory of Kansas was treated as a full state, which carried considerable symbolism given the unfolding conflict there. At that first convention, the Republicans nominated explorer and adventurer John C. Frà ©mont as their presidential candidate. A former Whig congressman from Illinois who had come over to the Republicans, Abraham Lincoln, was nearly nominated as the vice presidential candidate but lost to William L. Dayton, a former senator from New Jersey. The first national platform of the Republican Party called for a transcontinental railroad and improvements of harbors and river transportation. But the most pressing issue, of course, was slavery and the platform called for prohibiting the spread of slavery to new states and territories. It also called for the prompt admission of Kansas as a free state. The Election of 1856 James Buchanan, the Democratic candidate, and a man with an uncommonly long record in American politics won the presidency in 1856 in a three-way race with Frà ©mont and former president Millard Fillmore, who ran a disastrous campaign as the candidate of the Know-Nothing Party. Yet the newly formed Republican Party did surprisingly well. Frà ©mont received about a third of the popular vote and carried 11 states in the electoral college. All the Frà ©mont states were in the North and included New York, Ohio, and Massachusetts. Given that Frà ©mont was a novice at politics, and the party had not even existed at the time of the previous presidential election, it was a very encouraging result. At the same time, the House of Representatives began to turn Republican. By the late 1850s, the House was dominated by Republicans. The Republican Party had become a major force in American politics. And the election of 1860, in which the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, won the presidency, led to the slave states seceding from the Union.

Friend GameResearch Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Friend GameResearch Essay - Research Paper Example The automated collection of literature characterizes a sphere, which comprises various forms of digital formats of writing. There are certain authors who come up together owing to sharing a common interest. Nevertheless, whatever is obtainable to everybody else on the internet, as well as the interned, no longer confided their interests to bedroom in the disguise of reading. Friend Game by Lauren Collins remains an appalling article, which explained the sudden suicide of an adolescent girl owing to online bullying. Megan Meier undertook suicide owing to numerous messages sent by Josh Evans, her MySpace friend. He was a fictional character invented by the Meier’s neighbors. Sites of social networking allow persons to write their interests and opinions for the viewership of other persons.Collins states that an individual can project a broader, further confident self, a daring collection of preferred quotations, complaints, music, pleasures, and books. The statement appears to improve the impression that technology has transformed associations through writing by permitting them to becoming more open. Further, Collins states that different from Facebook, MySpace does not need the users to classify themselves with the last and first name, thus there is less illusion that a profile has any direct communication to other individuals. As such, MySpace alo ngside other sites of social networking still permit privacy to their operators, even though the idea of personal connections being dead owing to online social writing could be a means to hiding the exact individuality of a person (Palfrey and Urs 109). The modifications in individual connections through writing resulting from technology have led to persons coming together, despite the absence of privacy. It is essential for persons to gain from technologies in order to improve their ties and communication with other persons. Nevertheless, there remains a great necessity for personalization and

Employee relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Employee relations - Essay Example In order to evaluate the procedures an organization should adopt for the purpose of dealing such organizational conflict, it is important to identify the reasons behind it. Organizational conflict is a critical phenomenon in the study of organizational behaviour and hence it is essential for every management to recognize the root cause behind conflicts among employees or between employer and employees and apply appropriate strategies in order to minimize the occurrences and effect of such conflict For the purpose of understanding the source of such organizational conflict the management must identify the key attributes of employee relation which will help them to mitigate the effect of conflict and ensure organizational effectiveness by establishing a healthy relationship among employer and employees (Armstrong, 2011). Collective bargaining is a major source of organizational conflict and negotiation strategies have the power to accelerate or decelerate the business operations of an organization. The incidents of industrial democracy in United Kingdom has marked development in employer employee relationship and the management initiative of employee participation in decision making has successfully accelerated the scope for organizational development (Pattanayak, 2014). The paper will concentrate on the employee relations, the cause and effect of conflict as well as the role of negotiation in collective bargaining in order to evaluate the relevant strategies of human resource management and organizational behaviour and how the application of these strategies can help to establish stability in an organizational framework. Organizational structure as well as culture is the most significant source of conflicts. For instance, an organization using matrix structure obligates the employees for dual reporting that leads to create ambiguity regarding their routine responsibilities. Global companies that integrate geographically dispersed provinces across

Political Subjectivity Theories Analysis

Political Subjectivity Theories Analysis Power, Freedom, Justice: Explorations in Political Subjectivity Reflective Logs: The purpose of this paper is to reflect on how the following thinkers studied in the module engaged with Kant`s conception of subjectivity. I will address the following thinkers and topic in my reflective logs: Arendt, Berlin, Fanon, Marcuse, Foucault, Habermas, Rawis, MacIntyre, Rorty, and New Materialism. Immanuel Kant – Sapere AudeDate: 21st January 2014 Kant in his work â€Å"What is Enlightenment?† argues that â€Å"Enlightenment is man`s release from his self-incurred tutelage† (Kant, 1784). He means that one can only become enlightened when they find the courage to think/reason without the help of others. Hannah Arendt – Vita ActivaDate: 22nd January 2014 Hannah Arendt is truly one of the most significant thinkers of the 20th century, and one of the most influential to me in political subjectivity. The German born thinker introduces the term â€Å"vita activa† into political subjectivity. She differentiates between three basic human activities: â€Å"labour, work, action† (Arendt, 2000 p: 167-181). These conditions are necessary for a human being in order to live a life on earth. Labour is defined as the biological practice of the body, and it is a significant necessity of life. Work maintains a world that is â€Å"artificial† (Arendt, 2000), which is highly differentiated from every day’s environment. Action is defined by her as the ongoing activity that is not interfered by other things, and she connects this to the plurality of the human position. Arendt suggests that labour is repetitive, which is never ending, while work has an actual beginning and an end. While action is ongoing as revealing who we are has a beginning but no end. Because of this reasoning Action becomes immortal in her view. Arendt moves forward from the view of Kant as she develops thought to action while Kant`s view is based on reflective reasoning. Isaiah Berlin –Negative and Positive FreedomDate: 5th February 2014 Berlin`s biggest contribution to political subjectivity was his paper on the differentiation of two concepts of liberty. He distinguishes between positive freedom and negative freedom. He defines â€Å"negative freedom† as â€Å"freedom from† (Berlin, 1969 p.2), which implies the absence of pressure put on a human being by others. He describes positive freedom on two ways: Firstly, as â€Å"freedom to† (Berlin, 1969, p.8.) to be able to reach and seek one`s wished goals. Secondly, as being independent, and ruling one`s self without depending on other beings â€Å"the freedom which consists in being one`s own master† (Berlin, 1969, p. 8.) Even though, the basic notion of distinguishing different freedoms goes back to the time of Kant, Berlin further develops these notions, and he became the first to outline the ongoing debate. Berlin also contradicts the views of Arendt`s, even though he also believes that it is important that a line to be â€Å"drawn betw een the area of private life and that of public authority† (Berlin, 2002:171). While Arendt is a supporter of the freedom in the public sphere, Berlin`s freedom is based on the private sphere, as for him being free is â€Å"to the degree which no man or body of men interferes with my activity† (Berlin, 2002:169). Maurice Merleau-Ponty – EmbodimentDate: 12th February 2014 Maurice Merleau-Ponty argues that a human being cannot isolate himself/herself from the public realm and from the perceptions of the world. He suggests that the actions of an individual are guided by experiences, and subjectivity is established through the body and life experiences of a human being. Merleau-Ponty does not agree with the concept that â€Å"thinking subject can absorb into its thinking or appropriate without remainder the object of its thought†, and that â€Å"our being can be brought down to our knowledge† (Merleau-Ponty, 1962:72). For him freedom is a state of consciousness where personal actions and responsibilities can be chosen from a variety of possibilities. For him freedom is every time provided within a field of possibilities. He suggests that freedom is always an option for the being in every situation, unless we give up ourselves and our belonging to the situation. He also goes against the views and arguments of Kant and Descartes who â€Å"de tached the subject, or consciousness, by showing that I could not possibly apprehend anything as existing unless I first of all experienced myself as existing† (Merleau-Ponty, 1962:x). It is because to Merleau-Ponty it is only through the body that he â€Å"understand other people, just as it is through my body that I perceive `things`† (Merleau-Ponty, 1962:216). Herbert Marcuse – Agency and StructureDate: 19th February 2014 Marcuse in his print One-Dimensional Man offers a different approach to political subjectivity. In his post-Marxist view he criticise the modern world and its contemporary capitalism. He addresses the industrial society, and he blames this capitalist industrialised civilisation for the loss of freedom. Reasonable democratic unfreedom prevails in advanced industrial civilisation (Marcuse, 1964:1). He suggests that the capitalist world produced a reality with created needs which eventually turned human beings into consumers and producers. This is shaped through the media, the management of consumption and contemporary modes of thought regarding what to consume (Marcuse, 1964). He argues that this results in the loss of the freedom of the individual and the loss of critical thought and the loss of oppositional behaviour. He also worries about the working class as they integrate into capitalist world, hence about the disappearance of the revolutionary Marxist society who fights capitalis m and the capitalist West. Michel Foucault – Subject and PowerDate: 26th February 2014 The main focus for Foucault has been on the connection between the subject and power. He argues that by power people are turned into subjects (Foucault, 1982:777). For Foucault subjectivity is viewed as a way to exercise power above others. This is demonstrated through the idea of the Panopticon where in the designed prison, prisoners would not be able to tell whether they are being watched or not. Therefore, they assume that they are being observe hence they act differently while under the assumption of observation. He acknowledges the component of fairly enlightened changes in the way of imprisonment, however he argues that these new method of punishment evolves into the new way in which society is controlled to punish less, perhaps; but certainly to punish better (Foucault, 1977:109). Schools, hospitals and other central significant buildings are being based on the following model. Therefore, he argues that this relationship enters the private by escalating from the public, and tu rning individuals into subjects. Foucault also tries to question and shape the values and elements of Kants Enlightenment via a discussion which should be used as a form of practice, and as motivation to change the way individuals think and act today. Jà ¼rgen Habermas – Communicative FreedomDate: 5th March 2014 Habermas takes the centre of the attention to language and to forms of communication. His term for this is lifeworld communications (Habermas, 1987, p.297). He suggests that this communicative sphere has a vital influence on ones private and public self. Unlike Foucault for Habermas reason must be acknowledged as social. While Foucaults subjectivity is the production of forces of power, Habermas believes that communication in the context of discussion enables individuals to demonstrate their positions in a mutual way. Habermas strongly believes that language and communication can alter the world, subjectivity and also freedom. A man from his private sphere can communicate their choices to the public sphere through the tools of communication and speech, while they also listen to the preferences of other private individuals. Habermas has been influence by Kant and Kants ethics, however he argues that his ethical concept is the improved version of the Kantian one. He does not agree with every point of Kant, such as the dual framework of his ethics. For Habermas, morals emerge from discussions which are fundamental due to their logic, instead of their freedom. John Rawls – Social JusticeDate: 12th March 2014 John Rawls is one of the thinkers who has been most influenced by Immanuel Kant. He proposes that a just society is the society that could be fair to all individuals universally. He created a new concept on justice. He mixes the elements of the philosophy of Kant and Utilitarianism in order to create a new method for the judgement of private and public institutions. Rawls proposes the idea of the usage a veil of ignorance (Rawls, 1999:11). Behind this veil, every individual is incapable of knowing anything about themselves, resulting in rational, free and equal individuals. He then argues that these rational individuals would create a society where mostly two principles would be most significant and fundamental: Principle of Liberty and Principle of Difference. Principle of Liberty is mainly Kantian in the sense that it offers primary and common respect to every individual as the minimum principle for every just establishments. The other one promotes inequality and believes that it w ill serve every individual for the better. Alasdair MacIntyre – Justice in Plural SocietiesDate: 19th March 2014 MacIntyre has been one of the major critics of Kant and those who are basing their theories on the Kantian model. He believes that the moral views and theses of Kant, Rawls and other thinkers are condemned to fail as they used the old irrational dialects of morality. These thinkers are doomed to decline as they share certain characteristics that are deriving from their eminently distinct historical background (MacIntyre, 1985). He claims that the theory of Rawls that is based on the individual and was influenced by the Kantian model does not realise the significance of the community as such. He suggest that the community has a major impact on the life of the individual and it is only possible to create a just society in the public sphere. As he puts it â€Å"a society is composed of individuals, each with his or her own interest, who then have to come together and formulate common rules of life† (MacIntyre, 1981: 232-233). He completely refuses to accept the Rawls-Kantian noti on where society is inferior and the individual is primary. He reaffirms that â€Å"the relationship between me, my social identity, and my good will preclude †¦ re-evaluation† (MacIntyre, 1982:664). Richard Rorty  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Justice as a Larger Loyalty Date: 26th March 2014 Rorty is quiet alike MacIntyre, in the sense that individuals have different identities which pose an influence on the behaviour and actions of the individual. Although his thesis is based on the behaviour of public loyalty to certain companies. He realises the limitations of Kant`s foundationalist theory. He suggest that these theories are like mythological stories where the human brain as such was limited. He believes that it is wise to get rid of the â€Å"residual rationalism that we inherit from the Enlightenment† (Rorty, 2001:235). His main reason for this is that the elimination of rationalistic rhetoric would allow Western countries to purse the Non-Western areas â€Å"in the role of someone with an instructive story to tell, rather than in the role of someone purporting to be making better use of a universal human capacity (Rorty, 2001: 235). Finally, he argues that most of the philosophical debates are unnecessary and the centre of attention should not lay on the tr uth but rather on the betterment of humans. New Materialism Date: 2nd April 2014 New Materialism and the writer of the article, William Connolly draws upon some self-organizing preservation which provide assistance in the foundation of our world. These relating biological, geological and climate systems are seriously undervalued in today`s neoliberal economic markets. The reading engages with many influential thinkers and philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, Deacon, Foucault and Hayek. New-materialism reinvents and rethinks the ideology of freedom. Connolly in the reading encourages the left to take back the state and not to relinquish it. Conclusion Date: 2nd April 2014 To conclude, political subjectivity has been a very interesting module to attend in the last semester of my studies. I realised by the end of this tasks that each week my understanding of the different thinkers have developed significantly through the material provided by the module leader. I have discovered new thinkers in the module and broadened my vision of political subjectivity. It raised some serious questions and discussions which seems to be a never-ending position while individuals have their own ideas. Bibliography: Alasdair MacIntyre (1985) After Virtue, chapter 15, Duckworth, pp. 205-225 Arendt, H. (1958) The Human Condition, University of Chicago Press. Arendt, H. (1970) On Violence, Harvest Books. Arendt, H. (2007) ‘Introduction into Politics’. In The Promise of Politics, ed. Kohn, J. Schocken Books Herbert Marcuse (1964) One-Dimensional Man, Routledge Immanuel Kant (1784) ‘What is Enlightenment?’ Isaiah Berlin (1969) ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’. In Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford University Press Oxford John Rawls (2004) ‘On Justice as Fairness’. In Clayton and Williams (eds) Social Justice, Blackwell, pps. 49-84, extracts from (1999) Theory of Justice, (revised edition), Harvard University Press (pps. 6-9, 10-19, 52-58, 61-73, 130-39) Jà ¼rgen Habermas (1987) ‘An alternative Way out of the Philosophy of the Subject: Communicative versus Subject-Centred Reason’. In The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, MIT Press (pps. 294-326) Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1958; reprinted 2003) ‘Freedom’. In Phenomenology of Perception, Routledge, pp. 504-530 Michel Foucault (1977) ‘Panopticism’. In Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prisons Richard Rorty (2001) ‘Justice as a Larger Loyalty’. In Festenstein, M. Thompson, S. (eds.), Richard Rorty Critical Dialogues, Polity Press, pps. 223-237 William Connolly (2013) ‘The New Materialism and the Fragility of Things’, Millennium Journal of International Studies, Vol. 41, I. 3, pp. 399-412.